"Risk Reduction Systems of the Internet Shop---Based on the consumer survey in Japan---" (in Japanese)

Many Internet shops have appeared, and most of the shops worry about customer acquisition. We applied the focus to consumer's perceived risk as a key to the success of the Internet shop, and considered the strategy of the shop. That is, it is thought that the Internet shop adopts an appropriate risk reduction system, and the customer can be acquired. Especially, the questionnaire survey for the consumer was executed to clarify the relation between the consumer attribute and the risk reduction system. As a result of the investigation, the following two points have become clear. First, risk reduction systems are possible to divide roughly into the offer of evaluation information and the offer of detailed information, and the consumers also were recognizing the difference of these. Secondarily, the persons who had confidence in the Internet shopping had the tendency to value detailed information more than evaluation information, and were doing "Selection of the risk reduction system". They are the lowest the perceived risk, and shop at the Internet shops frequently. It was guessed that other consumers that the confidence degree was low did not relate to the repeat purchase because the perceived risk was high. It is thought that the Internet shop should adopt the risk reduction system that people with a high confidence degree chose, in order reduce the perceived risk effectively and to expand customer.

Rainstorm and Flood Disasters: Case study of Shelter Management by Manila Municipal DRR (Disaster Risk Reduction) Teams during Tropical Storm Mario (Fung Wong) in 2014

Floods are the leading cause of natural disaster-related deaths worldwide. This study aimed at assessing disaster preparedness and response by local Barangay (municipal) DRR (disaster risk reduction) teams during the flooding caused by tropical storm Mario in Manila in 2014. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted, consisting of interviews in which five shelter managers participated. In total, 325 evacuees were received in 4 evacuation centers, whereas the remaining shelter received 30 families housed in tents. Only 3 shelters (60%) had some food and non-food items available prior to the arrival of evacuees. WASH (Water, sanitation and hygiene) services were insufficient; latrines were available in 4 (80%) shelters, but no latrine was available for displaced people housed in tents. Only 3 (60%) shelters had toilets cleaned regularly. Detergents, toothbrushes and toothpastes were provided in 3 (60 %) shelters, whereas only 2 (40%) had diapers for babies and none (0%) had hygienic period items for ladies. Food items were daily distributed in 3 (60%) shelters. Health services were not satisfactory, as medical consultations were organized but irregularly in 3 (60%) of the five shelters. Disaster preparedness and response in Barangay shelters were not satisfactory, suggesting the necessity for the central government to support local DRR volunteer teams. It is recommended to provide the volunteers with an inexpensive ICT (information and communications technology) tool to collect disaster preparedness data so that relief efforts will be more than sufficient at the time of disaster

Risk Reduction Systems of the Internet Shop : Based on the Consumer Survey in Japan

インターネットとウェブ・サイトを用いた小売店（インターネット・ショップ）が多数出現しているが、顧客獲得に悩むショップも少なくない。本稿は、インターネット・ショップ成功の阻害要因の中でも消費者の知覚リスクに焦点を当てて、インターネット・ショップの取りうる戦術について考察をした。すなわち、インターネット・ショップが適切なリスク削減制度を採用することで、顧客を獲得することができると考えた。特に、消費者属性とリスク削減制度との関係を明らかにするため、消費者向けアンケート調査を実施して実証的調査を行った。調査の結果明らかになったことは、次の二点である。第一に、ショップが取りうるリスク削減制度は評価情報の提供と詳細情報の提供に大別することができ、消費者もこの二つの情報の違いを認識していた。第二に、インターネット・ショッピングに自信を持っている人は、評価情報よりも詳細情報を重視する傾向があり、「リスク削減制度の選択」を行っていた。彼らは、知覚リスクがもっとも低く、リピート購買を行っていることがわかった。自信度が低い他の消費者の多くは知覚リスクが高いためにリピート購買に結びつかないと、推察された。これらの分析から、インターネット・ショップは、今後の顧客拡大のために、自信度が高い人々が選んだリスク削減制度を採用し、効果的に知覚リスクを削減すべきであると考えられる。奥野正寛, 竹村彰道編著. 『電子社会と市場経済：情報化と経済システムの変容』. 新世社, 2002, 第5章に一部掲載.本文フィルはリンク先を参照のこ